Camouflage & Markings
Part 3: Appendices
by Bouko de Groot
This the third and final part of our series covering finishes and colours used throughout the history of Dutch military aviation. Please refer to Colours of the Dutch Air Force – Part 1: Aircraft of the Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu) – Royal Air Force and Colours of the Dutch Air Force – Part 2: Aviation of the Dutch Navy and the Colonies for history of finishes and colours used in Dutch military aviation. This final section is devoted to national insignia and aircraft types used by the Dutch military.
National Insignia
The Dutch word for roundel is rozet. National insignia travelled from roundel, to another roundel, to ring, triangle, flag and back to that other roundel.
Regulations were not always followed, especially on wings and on planes delivered shortly after a change. Main colours were orange, red, white and blue, identical or close to:
| Colour name | English equivalent | Location & Type | Fed.Std | RAL | Humbrol | Xtracolour |
| Rood | red | see below | *1105 | 3000 | 19 | 31 |
| Wit | white | see below | *7875 | 9016 | 34 | 141 |
| Blauw | blue | see below | (*5065) | 5010 | 25 | 30 |
| Oranje | orange | see below | *2246 | 2004 | 18 | – |
| Period & Location | Design | Description |
| 1914 – 1921 (NEI: 1920) | 6, 8 or 10 x large orange roundels | From August 1914 to April 1916, only on lower surfaces of top and bottom wings. From April 1916 these were also applied to the upper surface of the top wing and on both sides of the tail (le, ri). Some planes even had them on both sides of the fuselage, totaling 10 roundels. KNIL planes usually had them on the fuselage instead of on the tail. |
| 1920 – 1933, NEI | 6 x 4 colour roundel and 3 colour rudder | To avoid confusion with the Japanese, the NEI governor introduced this new design for both KNIL and local MLD: a circle with three equal parts, clockwise red, white, blue, plus an orange centre. Roundel positions were on each wingtip (top of upper and lower of bottom wing) and midway on the fuselage, for a total of 6. There was no regulation for the order and direction of the colours. The orange dot varied in size from 1/5 to 1/4 of the roundels diameter. Rudder was red-white-blue top to bottom, each of equal height. |
| 1921 – 1932/34, Europe | 6 x 4 colour roundel and 3 colour rudder | The NEI design was made national and sizes were standardized. Wing size was 5/6 of wing depth, fuselage 5/6 of fuselage height where it’s located. On the wingtips it should be placed equal distant from all three edges. On the fuselage half way between the trailing edge of the (bottom) wing and the rudder’s pivot, equal distant from top and bottom of fuselage. On the wings the red part should point forward, on the fuselage the white part downwards. Orange dot was 1/5 of the roundel’s diameter size. Rudder was red-white-blue top to bottom, each of equal height. |
| 1932/34 – 1939 | 6 x 4 colour roundel and 3 colour rudder | Direction of wing colours was changed: the white colour should now point backward. In the NEI all markings had to conform to this and the 1921 regulation. |
| 1939 | 6 x 4 colour roundel | 3 colour rudder abolished in December 1938 in Europe and in July 1939 in the NEI. |
| 1939 | experiments | To avoid confusion with French and British roundels, an alternative for the roundel had to be found. During September and October on several aircraft, instead of roundel: orange roundel; orange roundel with 10 cm wide black border, 4 coloured ring (10-15 cm wide band), with each segment separated: top orange, right blue, bottom white and left red. |
| 1939 – 1940 (Europe: ”1946”) | 6 x orange triangle, orange rudder, all with black border | From October (Europe) and December (NEI). Equal sided triangles, as large as possible (but not touching each other), pointing down- (fuselage) / backward (wing). On the wing with its point equal distant from tip and fuselage (more outward on planes with bomb racks or floats). On the fuselage half way between the trailing edge of the (bottom) wing and the rudder’s pivot, equal distant from top and bottom of fuselage. Rudder was orange. Triangles and rudder had 10 cm wide black borders (pictures of orange triangle over roundel are probably ’work in progress’). Officially this scheme was also used on Dutch planes not with RAF-Europe up to 1946. |
| 1940-1946 with RAF / RAAF | RA(A)F roundels with small triangles | Small triangles (not bigger than 9×6″) as above placed on both sides of nose and/or sometimes on tail and even on lower of wing. |
| 1940 – 1942 NEI | 4 x orange triangle with black border | During the latter half of 1940, upper wing triangles and the orange rudder were abolished. However, planes operating with the British over Singapore had (smaller) triangles repainted on their upper wings, until they returned to the NEI. |
| 1942 – 1945 ’NEI’, 321 Pacific (RNMFS, WI: 1946) | 4 or 6 x national flag | Even the orange triangle was sometimes confused with the red rising sun, so the national flag was introduced from March 1, 1942. Flag had three horizontal bands of equal height, from top to bottom red, white, blue. Dimension of length : height was 5:3. Originally only meant for lower of wing and fuselage sides (total 4), but during the war the British (also on upper of wing, total 6) and the US (upper left, lower right, both sides fuselage, total 4) formats were also used. For operations as part of RA(A)F or US units, planes could temporarily carry those national symbols. |
| 1945 – 1948 NEI | 6 x national flag and white band | From November 1945 the flag design was standardized to 6 positions (upper and lower fo wing, both sides of fuslage) and a white band around the flag was introduced, as Indonesian rebels used a red-white flag on their planes. The white band was not used on natural finish. In August 1947 specifics for each plane model were introduced. |
| 1946 – 1959 (KNIL: Jan ’48-’50) | 6 x 4 colour roundel and finflash | After the war the roundel was reintroduced: a circle with three equal parts, clockwise red, white, blue, plus an orange centre. Roundel positions were on each wingtip (top of upper and lower of bottom wing) and midway on the fuselage, for a total of 6. Exact position varied but never covered ailerons. On the wings the white part should point bakcward, on the fuselage the white part downwards. Orange dot was 1/5 of the roundel’s diameter size. Fuselage roundels were about halfway between trailing edge of wing and the tail. Wing roundels should be 5/6 of the wing depth at that spot, not counting the ailerons, but not larger than 150 cm, positioned equally distamt from front and back edge of wing, and not further from the tip than with its edge level with the fuselage edge of the aileron. Each type has its own specifics. Either the white part or the whole roundel could be surrounded by a thin band in another colour on a conflicting background (white, orange, etc). The finflash was the national flag: three horizontal bands of equal height, from top to bottom red, white, blue, with length : height being 5:3. Max size. 40 x 30 cm. Position: middle of flag at 1/4 of the height of the tail above the fuselage. On ex British aircraft the British roundels were simply overpainted and the British finflash was only replaced later in 1946. |
| 1959 – today | 4 x 4 colour roundel | Roundel as before, but max. 125 and min 30 cm. Roundel is now carried on both fuselage sides behind the wing (F-104 and NF-5 in front of the wing, (K)DC-10 on tail einge) and on upper left and lower right of wing. On helicopters on both fuselage sides, behind the crew compartment (Chinook halfway) an on the fuselage bottom and (if possible) top. Finflash was abolished. Each type has its own specifics. |
| 1980s – today | 3 or 4 x 4 colour roundel, low visibility | Apart from some experiments with seperated segments and two tones of grey, the 4 colour roundel was simply reduced in size to 30 cm, but only on some aircraft: F-16, light aircraft and helicopters. On operational low flying aircraft, roundels are usually misted/sprayed over with black or green. |
Alphabetical Index of Aircraft Types
Last for this part of the article, a list of all aircraft types used by the Netherlands military forces from 1911 until today.
The fun of this list is that it includes planes from all over the world, operating all over the world, in many different colours. Were else can you find a Handley Page side by side with a Gotha, or a Zero with a Mustang? Or Mitchells in white, black, silver, greens, brown or blue, wearing roundels, triangles, flags, rings or crosses? From really small (Pander) to really big (B-24, DC-10), with all kinds of oddballs in between (yellow Spitfires and Fireflies … with two cockpits?) and of course almost every kind of Fokker.
Personal favourites: the Fokker C.VIIIw, a huge brute of a parasol float plane faintly reminiscent of its D.VIII ancestor; the Martin WH-3, an under valued workhorse that outperformed all its enemy equals; and the CW-21B Interceptor, a beautiful, sleek power-machine that did not get the chance to show its talents.
| Aircraft type | Camouflage schemes |
| AEG C.IV | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Aeronca L-3B { ’A’ } | Others |
| Aerospatiale SA-3160 Alouette III | KLu 1960s-1970s,KLu 1980s-today, KLu 2004+ |
| Agusta Bell 204B (I)UH-1 | MLD 1945-today |
| Agusta Bell AB-412SP | KLu 1980s-today |
| Airspeed Ofxord Mk.I, II | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953, MLD 1945-today |
| Albatross B.I, II, III [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Albatross C.III,VII,X [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Albatross D.III [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Ansaldo SVA.10 [ Interned Italian ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Aviatik C.III [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Avro 504 (-,A,B) [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Avro 504-K | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Avro 504-K eigenbouw (=self built) | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Avro Type 652A Anson Mk.I | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953, MLD 1940-1945 |
| Beech 200 Super King Air | Others |
| Beech Navigator (D-18S,SNB-5/TC-45J,T-7) { KLu ’G’, MLD ’Marine’ } | KLu 1942-1945,KLu 1953-1960s, MLD 1945-today |
| Beech YC-43 Staggerwing (model 17) (liaison plane of Prince Bernhard, was RAF, not KLu, code PB1) | – |
| Beechcraft AT-11 Kansan | Others |
| Boeing B-17C Flying Fortress (1 US, abandoned on Java with broken engine, used for NEI escape in 1942) | – |
| Boeing Vertol CH-47D Chinook | KLu 1980s-today |
| Brequet BR1150 Atlantic SP-13A | MLD 1945-today |
| Brewster Buffalo (B-339D/F2A-3) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Brewster Buffalo (B-439D) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Brewster SB2A Bermuda | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Bristol F.2B [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Buecker Bue-131~ Jungmann (KLu=D-6, KNIL=B) { KLu ’-’, KNIL ’BJ’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Caudron G.IV | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Commonwealth CA-6 Wackett | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Consolidated B-24D Liberator (Mk.III) | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Consolidated B-24J Liberator (Mk.GR.VI, GR.VIII) | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Consolidated Catalina (PB2B-1,-2, PBY-5,-5A, -6, etc) | MLD 1940-1945, MLD 1945-today |
| Curtiss H-75A-7 Hawk | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Curtiss P-40E Kittyhawk | KNIL 1936-1950, Others |
| Curtiss P-40F,L | Others |
| Curtiss P-40N Warhawk | KNIL 1936-1950, Others |
| Curtiss P-6E Hawk | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Curtiss-Wright CW-21B Interceptor | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Curtiss-Wright CW-22 Falcon | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| D.F.W. C.V [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| De Broeckere F/G | KNIL 1911-1918 |
| De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver (L-20A/U-6A) | KLu 1953-1960s |
| De Havilland DH-4 [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| De Havilland DH-82/-A, -84 Tiger Moth { KLu ’A’, MLD ’-’, KNIL ’DH’ } | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s, MLD 1940-1945, MLD 1945-today, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| De Havilland DH-85 Leopard Moth (post war private plane of Prince Bernhard was RAF, not KLu, code ML 101) | KLu 1938-1940 |
| De Havilland DH-89B Dominee (Mk.I) | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953 |
| De Havilland DH-9 eigenbouw (=self built) | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| De Havilland DH-9 eigenbouw ambulance | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| De Havilland DH-9, DH-9 Wasp Jr. | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| De Havilland DH-90 Dragonfly | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Deperdussin | KNIL 1911-1918 |
| Dornier Do-24K-1/-2 (& 2 prototypes) | MLD 1919-1939 sea, MLD 1940-1945 |
| Dornier Wal (-F, Lorraine D, Rolls R) | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Douglas Boston (MLD= DB-7B,C-2-DO (A-20C), KNIL= A-20A) | MLD 1940-1945, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Douglas C-54 Skymaster | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Douglas Dakota (MLD = C-47 R4D-1,C-47A, KLu= C-47A,B, DC-3, KNIL= C-47, C-47A,B, DC-3, DC-3D) { KLu ’X,ZU’, MLD ’Q,W,23’, KNIL ’DT’ } | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s, MLD 1945-today, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Douglas DB-8A/3N | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Douglas DC-2 | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Douglas DC-5 | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Eurocopter AS-532 Cougar U Mk.2 | KLu 1980s-today |
| Fairchild F-24R-9 | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Fairchild PT-19A Cornell | Others |
| Fairchild PT-26 | Others |
| Fairey Barracuda Mk.II, III | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Fairey Firefly Mk.I, FR.Mk.IV, FR/NF.Mk.V, T.Mk.I,II | MLD 1945-today |
| Fairey Firefly T.2 | MLD 1945-today |
| Fairey IIID | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fairey Swordfish Mk.I,II,III | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Farman HF-16 | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Farman HF-20 { KLu ’LA’, KNIL ’K’ } | KLu 1911-1918 , KNIL 1911-1918 |
| Farman HF-20 (De Broeckere) { ’K’ } | KNIL 1911-1918 |
| Farman HF-22 (Trompenburg) { KLu ’LA’, MLD ’A,MA’ } | KLu 1911-1918 , MLD 1911-1918 |
| Farman MF-40 [ Interned Belgian ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Felixstowe F-2A [ Interned British ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Focke Wulf FW-56A-1 Stoesser | KLu 1945-1953 |
| Focke Wulf FW-58B-2 Weihe | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker 50 Utility | KLu 1980s-today |
| Fokker 60 Utility | KLu 1980s-today |
| Fokker B.I flying boat | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker B.II flying boat (evaluation) | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker C.I (KLu also C.Ia) { KLu ’3,4,5,6’, MLD ’F’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker C.IV { KLu ’5’, KNIL ’FC’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker C.IX | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker C.IX | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker C.V (MLD= C,E,w, KLu= D, KNIL= D,E) { KLu ’3,6’, MLD ’Z’, KNIL ’FCvd,Fcve,FM’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 sea, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker C.VI | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker C.VII w | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker C.VIII (MLD= C.VIIIw) { KLu ’6’, MLD ’G’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker C.X { KLu ’7’, KNIL ’FCx,FX’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker C.XI w | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker C.XIVw | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker D.C.I | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker D.III | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Fokker D.VII (MLD= D.VIIF) { KLu ’2’, MLD ’D’, KNIL ’F’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 land, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker D.VIII (demonstration only, not with KLu) | – |
| Fokker D.XVI (KNIL= prototype only) { KLu ’2’, KNIL ’F’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker D.XVII (KNIL= prototype only) { KLu ’2’, KNIL ’F’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker D.XXI (& prototype) { KLu ’2’, KNIL ’FD’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker D.XXIII (prototype) | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker F.VIIa/3m-M | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker F.VIIb/3m (ambulance) | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker F.VIIIa | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Fokker F.XII | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Fokker F.XVIII (chartered from KLM: Snip and Oriol) | Others |
| Fokker F-27 Maritime | KLu 1980s-today |
| Fokker F-27 Mk.100 Friendship | KLu 1960s-1970s, KLu 1980s-today |
| Fokker F-27 Mk.300 Troopship | KLu 1960s-1970s, KLu 1980s-today |
| Fokker G.IA (& prototype) | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Fokker G.IB (& prototype) | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Fokker M.VIII (A.1) | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Fokker S.II | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker S.IIa (= ambulance) | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Fokker S.III | MLD 1919-1939 land |
| Fokker S.IV { KLu -, KNIL ’FC’ } | KLu 1919-1940, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Fokker S.IX { KLu radial, MLD inline ’S’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 land |
| Fokker S-11 Instructor { KLu ’E’, MLD – } | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s, MLD 1945-today |
| Fokker S-13 (prototype) | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Fokker S-14 Machtrainer | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Fokker T.IV/T.IVa | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Fokker T.IX (prototype) | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Fokker T.V (& prototype) | KLu 1938-1940 (& KLu 1919-1940) |
| Fokker T.VIIIw/G-1, G-2, M | MLD 1919-1939 sea, MLD 1940-1945 |
| Friedrichshafen FF-19 [ Interned German ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Friedrichshafen FF-29 [ Interned German ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Friedrichshafen FF-33C,J/S [ Interned German ] and L | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Friedrichshafen FF-49C | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Friedrichshafen G.III [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| General Dynamics F-16A, A(R),B Flying Falcon / Lockeed Martin MLU F-16A,B | KLu 1980s-today |
| Gloster Meteor F.Mk.4,8 | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s |
| Gloster Meteor T.Mk.7 { MLD ’Marine’ } | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s, MLD 1945-today |
| Gotha G.IV [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Gotha WD-11 [ Interned German ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Grumman G-21A Goose | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Grumman TBM-3~ Avenger (-3E(1), -3E2, -3S2, -3W2) | MLD 1945-today |
| Grumman Tracker ((C)S2F-1, (C)S2A, (C)S2A/N) | MLD 1945-today |
| Gulfstream Aerospace C-20 Gulfstream IV (G1159C) | KLu 1980s-today |
| Halberstadt CL.II,IV [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Handley Page 0/400 [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Hannover CL.II, IIIa [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Hansa-Brandenburg W-12 [ Interned German ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Hansa-Brandenburg W-29 [ Interned German ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Hawker Hunter F.Mk.4, 6 | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Hawker Hunter T.Mk.7 | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Hawker Hurricane Mk.II (or IIb) and possibly Mk.I | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Hawker Seafury F.Mk.50, FB.Mk.51,60 | MLD 1945-today |
| Hawker Seahawk FGA-50 | MLD 1945-today |
| Hiller UH-12/OH-23B,C Raven | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Kawanishi H6K-5 Mavis [ ex Japanese ] | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Koolhoven FK-31 | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Koolhoven FK-43 | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Koolhoven FK-46 | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Koolhoven FK-49 | KLu 1919-1940 |
| Koolhoven FK-49A | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Koolhoven FK-51 { KLu ’4’, MLD ’E’, KNIL ’K’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 land, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Koolhoven FK-52 (evaluation, mobilised) | KLu 1938-1940 |
| Koolhoven FK-56 | KLu 1919-1940 |
| L.V.G. B.I,II, C.VI [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Lockheed (R)T-33 Shooting Star | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Lockheed (RF,T,)F-104G Starfighter | KLu 1960s-1970s |
| Lockheed 12(A) Electra Junior (C-40) { KLu ’T’, KNIL ’L,T’, Other ’L2’ } | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953 KNIL 1936-1950, Others |
| Lockheed 14 Super Electra | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Lockheed 18 Lodestar (C-56B, C-60) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Lockheed 212 | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Lockheed C-130H-30 Hercules | KLu 1980s-today |
| Lockheed Hudson (Mk.I,II,(GR.)III,V,VI) | KLu 1942-1945, MLD 1940-1945 |
| Lockheed P2V-5,-7B/P2H, SP-2H Neptune | MLD 1945-today |
| Lockheed P-3CII Orion | MLD 1945-today |
| Lockheed PV-2 Harpoon | MLD 1945-today |
| Martin (Glenn L.) PBM-5A Mariner | MLD 1945-today |
| Martin (Glenn L.) R { MLD ’H’, KNIL – } | MLD 1911-1918 , KNIL 1911-1918 |
| Martin (Glenn L.) S | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Martin (Glenn L.) TA | KNIL 1911-1918 |
| Martin (Glenn L.) TT | KNIL 1911-1918 |
| Martin (Glenn L.) WH-1,-2 (= model 139) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Martin (Glenn L.) WH-3,-3A (= model 166) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Mc Donnell Douglas (K)DC-10 | KLu 1980s-today, Klu 2004+ |
| Mc Donnell Douglas AH-64A,D Apache | KLu 1980s-today |
| Messerschmidt Bf-108B-1 | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Messerschmidt Boelkow Blohm Bo-105C,CB | KLu 1960s-1970s, KLu 1980s-today |
| Mitsubishi A6M-5 Zeke [ ex Japanese ] (possibly) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Mitsubishi Ki-57 Topsy [ ex Japanese ] | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Morane Saulnier L [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Morane Saulnier MS-35 (AR-35-EP-2) | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Nakajima Ki-49 IIb Helen [ ex Japanese ] (possibly) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Nieuport 11 (Spijker) | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Nieuport 17 C.I [ Interned French ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Nieuport 21 | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Nieuport 23 | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Noorduyn UC-64-ND Norseman | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| North American B-25B,C,D,J Mitchell (KNIL also ”K”) { KLU=RAF, MLD ’2’,RAF, KNIL ’N’, Other – } | KLu 1942-1945, MLD 1940-1945, MLD 1945-today, KNIL 1936-1950, Others |
| North American B-25G Mitchell | Others |
| North American F-86K Sabre (~ Dog) | KLu 1953-1960s |
| North American P-51D,K Mustang | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| North American Texan/Harvard (KLu= AT-16,NA-27, MLD= AT-16/UT-6, KNIL= Noorduyn AT-16 IIB, Others= AT-6,) { KLu ’B,NL’, MLD ’12’, KNIL ’B’, Other ’N5,M’ } | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s, MLD 1945-today, KNIL 1936-1950, Others |
| Northrop NF-5A,B Freedom Fighter | KLu 1960s-1970s, KLu 1980s-today |
| Pander D | MLD 1919-1939 land, KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Percival Proctor P30 Mk.III, IV | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953 |
| Pfalz D.IIIa [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Pilatus PC-7 | KLu 1980s-today |
| Piper J-4E { ’PT’ } | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Piper L-18C Cub { ’A’ } | KLu 1945-1953 |
| Piper L-21A,B Super Cub { KLU ’A’, MLD ’21’ } | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s, MLD |
| Piper L-4 Grasshopper / Cub (B= Others, J= KNIL) { KNIL ’PC’, Other ’P’ } | KNIL 1936-1950, Others |
| Porterfield | Others |
| Republic F-84E,G Thunderjet | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1953-1960s |
| Republic F-84F Thunderstreak | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Republic RF-84F Thunderflash | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Robert-Esnault-Pelterie REP-2 Parasol [ Interned British, flown by ”Canada’s Lindbergh”, Erroll Boyd ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Royal Aircraft Factory BE-2C [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Royal Aircraft Factory SE-5A [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Rumpler 6B-2 [ Interned German ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Rumpler C.I,Ia [ Interned German ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Rumpler C.IV,VIII | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Ryan (MLD STM-2,-2S, KNIL STM-2, STM-3) { MLD ’S’, KNIL ’R’ } | MLD 1940-1945, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Short 184 [ Interned British ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Sikorsky H03S (S-51) | MLD 1945-today |
| Sikorsky H04S-3 (S-55 / UH-19F) | MLD 1945-today |
| Sikorsky HSS-1N (S-58 / SH/UH-34J) | MLD 1945-today |
| Sikorsky S-43 (JRS-1) | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Sopwith 1 1/2 Strutter [ Interned British ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Sopwith Baby [ Interned British ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Sopwith F.1 Camel [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Sopwith Pup [ Interned British ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Sopwith-Hanriot 1B1 [ Interned French ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Spad VII C1 [ Interned French ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Spijker V.1 | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Spijker V.2 { KLu ’SP’, MLD ’C’ } | KLu 1919-1940, MLD 1919-1939 land |
| Stinson L-1 Vigilant (couldn’t find specifics on this one, but was RAF not KLu) | – |
| Sud Aviation SA-3130/SA-135 Alouette II | KLu 1953-1960s |
| Supermarine Sea-Otter ASR Mk.II (or Mk.I) (Vickers~) | MLD 1945-today |
| Supermarine Spitfire Mk.Vb,c, LF.IXb | KLu 1942-1945 |
| Supermarine Spitfire LF.XVIe | KLu 1942-1945 |
| Supermarine Spitfire LF.Mk.IXc | KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1947-1950 NEI |
| Supermarine Spitfire Mk.XIV | KLu 1942-1945 |
| Supermarine Spitfire T.Mk.IX | KLu 1945-1953 |
| Tachikawa Ki-54c Hickory [ ex Japanese ] | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Tachikawa Ki-55 Ida [ ex Japanese ] | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Taylorcraft Auster Mk.III { KLu ’R’, MLD ’21’ } | KLu 1942-1945, KLu 1945-1953, KLu 1947-1950 NEI, MLD 1945-today, KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Taylorcraft L-2M Grashopper { ’TC’ } | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Thulin K(, KA) | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Thulin LA | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Van Berkel WA | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Van Berkel WB | MLD 1919-1939 sea |
| Van Meel (2 models, nicknamed Brik and Grote: Brig and Big) | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Vickers Viking Mk.IV | KNIL 1919-1935 |
| Voisin LB.IV [ Interned French ] | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Vought-Sikorsky VS-310 Kingfisher (OS2U-3) | MLD 1940-1945 |
| Vreeburg A-2M | KLu 1911-1918 |
| Vultee BT-13A Valiant | Others |
| Waco EGC-7 | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Waco UKC | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Westland Lynx (Mk.25,27,81 / UH-14A,SH-14B,C,D) | MLD 1945-today |
| Westland Wasp HAS Mk.I-2, 2a (AH-12A) | MLD 1945-today |
| White & Tompson No.3 [ Interned British ] | MLD 1911-1918 |
| Yokosuka K5Y1 (or 4 or 5) Willow [ ex Japanese ] (possibly) | KNIL 1936-1950 |
| Sources |  |
| Most colour data from Camouflage en Kentekens, J.H.N. Greuter, Bonneville, Bergen The Netherlands, 1997, ISBN 90 73304 57 1 (out of print). Data on aircraft types from several sources |
This article was originally published in IPMS Stockholms Magazine in October 2005.